Gum disease is an infection of the tissues that support and surround your teeth. It begins as gingivitis, a mild inflammation of the gums often caused by plaque buildup. One of the earliest signs is bleeding gums, especially when brushing or flossing. At this stage, gums may appear red, swollen, and slightly tender.

If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress into periodontitis, a more advanced form of gum disease. In this stage, bacteria begin to destroy the underlying bone and connective tissues, creating deep pockets between the gums and teeth. These pockets harbor more bacteria and make it harder to keep the area clean, further accelerating the condition.

Gum disease can develop gradually, so recognizing the early warning signs is essential:

• Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing
• Swollen, tender, or reddish gums
• Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
• Receding gums that make teeth appear longer
• Formation of deep pockets between teeth and gums
• Loose or shifting teeth
• Tooth sensitivity, especially near the gumline
• Pain when chewing or touching the affected area

Even if symptoms seem mild, they can indicate an active infection and should be addressed promptly.

The primary cause of gum disease is the buildup of plaque, a sticky layer of bacteria that forms on your teeth. If plaque is not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional.

Additional contributing factors include:

• Poor oral hygiene habits
• Smoking or tobacco use
• Diabetes and other health conditions
• Hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause
• Genetics or family history
• Poor nutrition or immune system deficiencies
• Certain medications that reduce saliva flow

Periodontitis is the advanced stage of gum disease. It occurs when untreated inflammation begins to destroy the gum tissue and bone that hold your teeth in place. This leads to deep periodontal pockets, chronic inflammation, and even the loosening of teeth.

As periodontitis progresses, one of the most visible symptoms is gum recession. This happens when the gums pull away from the teeth, exposing the roots. Receded gums can lead to increased sensitivity, an aged appearance, and greater risk of decay along the root surface.

We take a proactive and personalized approach to managing gum disease. Depending on the severity of your condition, treatment may include:

Professional Cleanings

Early-stage gum disease (gingivitis) can often be reversed with regular dental cleanings and improved at-home care.

Scaling and Root Planing

This deep cleaning procedure removes plaque and tartar from below the gumline and smooths the tooth roots to help gums reattach and heal.

Localized Antibiotic Therapy

Antibacterial gels or rinses may be applied directly into periodontal pockets to reduce bacteria and inflammation.

Periodontal Maintenance

Patients with a history of gum disease may require more frequent cleanings—every 3 to 4 months—to prevent recurrence.

Surgical Intervention

In severe cases, procedures such as flap surgery or gum grafting may be needed to repair tissue loss and restore gum health.

Gum disease is largely preventable with consistent daily care and routine dental visits. To keep your gums healthy and reduce your risk of bleeding gums, periodontitis, and gum recession:

• Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
• Floss daily to clean between teeth and under the gumline
• Avoid smoking or using tobacco products
• Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals
• Visit your dentist regularly for cleanings and checkups
• Use an antimicrobial mouthwash if recommended
• Manage underlying health conditions such as diabetes